(¸®´ª½º Ŭ·¯½ºÅÍ : diskless
linux cluster)
1. óÀ½ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº ¾ËÂ¥¸®´ª½º 6.0À» full·Î ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼´Â ½ÇÇèÇغ¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸®´ª½º·Î ½ÃµµÇغ¸´Â °Íµµ ±¦Âú´Ù.
Ãʺ¸ÀÚ¶ó¸é Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿¡ Åëä·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. / ·çÆ®¿¡ ´Ù ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ ¼º°øÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐ ³ª¸§´ë·Î ¹Ù²Ù½Ã±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.
2. ±×¸®°í ·£Ä«µå 2°³¿Í 5Æ÷Æ® / 8Æ÷Ʈ¥¸® Çãºê³ª ¶Ç´Â Çãºê°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø¾îµµ µÈ´Ù. Âü°í·Î ÇÊÀÚ´Â 3com»çÀÇ 10Mbps ·£Ä«µå¿Í
Intel Ether Express 10Mbpsó·³ 2°³ÀÇ ·£Ä«µå¸¦ ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀåÂøÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í 8Æ÷Ʈ¥¸® 10Mbps ´õ¹Ì Çãºê¸¦ Çϳª ±¸ÀÔÇß´Ù.
±×¸®°í Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÄÏ 3.5ÀÎÄ¡°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â 486 DX 66 3´ë¸¦ ÁغñÇß´Ù. 486µéÀº ·£Ä«µå¿Í 32·¥, 3.5ÀÎÄ¡
µå¶óÀ̹ö¿Í ³×Æ®¿÷ Ä«µå¸¸ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
ÇÊÀÚ°¡ ±¸¼ºÇÑ Gumiho(±¸¹ÌÈ£) ±¸Á¶µµ
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3. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡¼ http://www.beowulf-underground.org¿¡ °¡½Ã¸é document Ä«Å×°í¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
°Å±â·Î °¡¸é beowulf installation and administration Howto ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» º¸½Ã¸é ¸¹Àº
µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áö±Ý À̹®¼´Â ±¤ÁÖ ¸®µ¿(http://kwangju.linux.or.kr)¿¡¼ ¹ø¿ªÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç °ð Çѱ¹ ¸®´ª½º
¹®¼ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®(http://kldp.org)¿¡µµ ¿Ã¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
4. À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ´Ù Àо¼ÌÀ¸¸é http://www.beowulf.org¿¡ °¡º¸ÀÚ. °Å±â¿¡ °¡º¸¸é ¿©·¯ °¡Áö º£¾î¿ïÇÁ¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ º¸°ÔµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Other Beowulf Sites: ¶ó´Â Ä«Å×°í¸®¿¡ °¡º¸¸é TopcatÀ̶ó´Â º£¾î¿ïÇÁ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â diskless ¶ó´Â ƯÀÌÇÑ ±â¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀÌ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¾î¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü µé¾î°¡ º¸ÀÚ.
(http://www.sci.usq.edu.au/staff/jacek/beowulf/) ¿©±â¿¡¼ beowulf-utilsÀ̶ó´Â °÷À¸·Î
°¡¸é disk-less¶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ adcn, sdct¶ó´Â ½©½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.
5. ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ½ÃÀÛÇغ¸ÀÚ. - ·£Ä«µå ¼³Á¤Çϱâ
¸®´ª½º¸¦ full·Î ÀνºÅç½ÃÅ°°í ³ª¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº µÎ °³ÀÇ ·£Ä«µå¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì Çϳª´Â ¿ÜºÎ·Î ³ª°¡´Â ȸ¼±À¸·Î
·£Ä«µå¸¦ ¼ÂÆÃÇÏ°í, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ³»ºÎ ȸ¼±À¸·Î Çϱâ À§Çؼ ip¸¦ (192.168.110.xxx)·Î ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù. µÎ °³ÀÇ ·£Ä«µå°¡ Àß ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö
È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ route ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄÑ º»´Ù. ±×·¯¸é Áö±Ý ÀâÇôÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿÷ÀÇ È¯°æÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â eth0´Â ¿ÜºÎȸ¼±, eth1Àº
³»ºÎȸ¼±À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ Àâ¾Ò´Ù.
ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ±¸¹ÌÈ£ route ½ÇÇà°á°ú - ´Ù ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »óÅÂ
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Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.100.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth1
203.237.110.67 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.100.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1
203.237.110.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
default 203.237.110.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
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¸¸¾à ·£Ä«µå°¡ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê°Å³ª route ¸í·É¾î¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¼öµ¿À¸·Î ȯ°æÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé
ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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lsmod
modprobe ne io=0x340 irq=10
ifup eth1
ifconfig
netconf
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µîÀÇ ¸í·É¾î·Î ·£Ä«µå°¡ ÀâÇôÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
route ¸í·É¾î·Î ·£Ä«µå°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
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route add 192.168.100.2 dev eth1
route add default gw 192.168.100.1
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¸¸¾à µÎ °³ÀÇ ·£Ä«µå¸¦ Àâ¾Ò´Ù¸é Àý¹ÝÀº ¼º°øÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ °¡¾ßÇÒ ±æÀº ¸Ö´Ù.
6. ¼¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ä¿³Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ(bootp, rarp, nfs-root......)
6.1 Ä¿³Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ¸í·É¾îµé(²À °ü·Ã ¹®¼¸¦ º¸°í È®½ÇÇÑ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.)
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make dep -> make bzImage -> ºÎÆ® µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Ä«ÇÇ -> make install -> make modules -> rm -rf /lib/modules/2.2.5-22 -> make module_install
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À§ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀº ¼¹ö¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½Ãų ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾îµéÀÌ´Ù. °ü·Ã¹®¼´Â http://kldp.org¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ²À ÇÊÈ÷ Žµ¶ ÇϽñ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.
¸ÕÀú ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½ÃÄÑ¾ß Çϴµ¥ RARP(config_inet_rarp)¸¦ ¼ÂÆÃÇؼ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÀûÀç ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó nfs-rootµµ
Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÇÔ²² Æ÷ÇÔ ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ» Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸í·É¾î´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
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make menuconfig
make xconfig
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·Î ¼¹ö¿¡ ¸Â´Â ȯ°æÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇÏ¿© Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù.
6.2 ³ëµåµé(clients)ÀÇ È¯°æ ±¸Ãà
1) ¸Ç¸ÕÀú sdct¶ó´Â ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é /tftpboot/Template¶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÆÄÀϵéÀ» »ý¼º½ÃÄÑÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ
sdct´Â ±¤ÁÖ¸®µ¿¿¡ °è½Ã´Â º´·Ä ÄÄÇ»Æà À¥º¸µå¿¡ °¡½Ã¸é À±È£´ÔÀÌ ¼³¸íÀ» ÷ºÎÇϼÌÀ¸´Ï Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. Âü°í·Î ÇÊÀÚ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÄ×´Ù.
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./sdct /tftpboot/192.168.100.2
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ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮·Î °¡º¸½Ã¸é ¸µÅ©·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â µð·ºÅ丮°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ls -l ·Î È®ÀÎÇÏ½Ã¸é ¸ÇóÀ½¿¡ lxxxxxxxxx ·Î
µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀϺó´Ù. ¸µÅ©·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» Áö¿ì½Ã°í ºó µð·ºÅ丮¸¸ ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼¹öÀÇ export¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ È¯°æÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇÑ´Ù.
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/usr 192.168.100.1(ro, no_root_squash)
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ÇÊÀÚÀÇ export ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿¹
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/tftpboot/192.168.100.2 node2(rw,no_root_squash)
/tftpboot/192.168.100.3 node3(rw,no_root_squash)
/tftpboot/192.168.100.4 node4(rw,no_root_squash)
/usr node*(rw,no_root_squash)
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±×¸®°í °¢°¢ÀÇ ³ëµåµé(/tftpboot/192.168.100.2/etc)¿¡ ÀÖ´Â fstab¿¡ nfs¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØÁØ´Ù.
ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ³ëµåµé(clients)ÀÇ fstabÀÇ ¿¹
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192.168.100.1:/tftpboot/192.168.100.2 / nfs defaults 1 1
192.168.100.1:/usr /usr nfs defaults 1 1
none /proc proc defaults 1 1
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Âü°í·Î 192.168.100.1Àº ¼¹ö¿¡ ¼ÂÆõǾî ÀÖ´Â ipÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. Áï ³»ºÎ ȸ¼±À¸·Î µ¹¸®±â À§ÇÑ Ã¹ ¹ø° ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¼¹ö¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
192.168.100.2, 192.168.100.3, ... µîÀº 486 µð½ºÅ©·¹½º·Î ±¸µ¿½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³ëµåµéÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. µð½ºÅ©·¹½º´Â
Çϵåµð½ºÅ©°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¼¹öÀÇ ÀÏÁ¤ Çϵå°ø°£À» »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±»ÀÌ 486°°Àº Àú±Þ ±âÁ¾¿¡ Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¸¦ ÀåÂøÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æµµ µÈ´Ù. ´Ü ¼¹ö¿¡
ÀÖ´Â Çϵ尡 ±²ÀåÈ÷ ´ë¿ë·®À̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î 100´ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ·Á¸é ²Ï Èûµé °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
2) µÎ ¹ø° disk-lessºÎÆà µð½ºÄÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ëµå¸¦ ºÎÆà ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î 3.5ÀÎÄ¡ µð½ºÄÏ¿¡ Ä¿³Î ¹× ·£Ä«µåÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú
ip_forward¶ó´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» üũÇؼ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®·Î Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß µÈ´Ù. Âü°í·Î ¼¹ö¿¡¼´Â ¸ðµâ·Î °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ëµåµéÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®·Î Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.
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Á¦ÀϸÕÀú ´ç½ÅÀº disk-lessŬ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®µéÀ» À§ÇÑ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µå¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
/usr/src/linux ¿¡ °¡¼Å¼ make xconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄѼ
³×Æ®¿÷ ¿É¼Ç:
CONFIG_ROOT_NFS, CONFIG_RNFS_BOOTP, CONFIG_RNFS_RARP
ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ ¿É¼Ç:
NFS¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¸ðµÎ ¼³Á¤
* ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¸»°í Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿÷½ºÅ×À̼ÇÀÌ Ä¿³Î ÀÎÀÚ¾øÀÌ ºÎÆõǷÁ¸é ·çÆ® ÀåÄ¡¸¦ 0:255·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. mknod /dev/nfsroot b 0 255¸¦ ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´õ¹Ì ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¸¸µç ÈÄ, rdev <kernel-image> /dev/nfsroot¸¦ ŸÀÌÇÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Ä¿³Î À̹ÌÁöÀÇ ·çÆ® ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
mknod /dev/nfsroot b 0 255
cd /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot
rdev bzImage /dev/nfsroot
clientÄ¿³ÎÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¸é dd ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡ ½á¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
dd if=/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage of=/dev/fd0
¶ó°í ÇÏ½Ã¸é ¿Ïº¯ÇÑ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ºÎÆ® µð½ºÄÏÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÏ½Ã¸é ºÎÆà µð½ºÄÏÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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±×·¡µµ ±Ã±ÝÇϽŠºÐÀº http://kwangju.linux.or.kr¿¡ Á¦°¡ ¿Ã·Á³õÀº µð½ºÅ©·¹½º ºÎÆÃÀ̹ÌÁö¿Í ȯ°æ ¼¼À̺ê ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±î
Âü°í ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
3) À§¿¡¼ Çß´ø ¼ø¼´ë·Î ÇϽøé ÀÌÁ¦´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ³ëµå(Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®)µéÀ» ¼¹ö¿¡ ºÙÀÌ´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ³²¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â »õ·Î¿î
³ëµåµéÀ» Ãß°¡ ½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â adcnÀ̶ó´Â ½©½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ½Ã¸é µË´Ï´Ù. ±×Àü¿¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ°ÍÀÌ Àִµ¥ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®µéÀº ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ ipÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ð¸£±â
¶§¹®¿¡ rarp ¼ºñ½º°¡ ³ÊÀÇ ipÁÖ¼Ò´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ´Ù¶ó°í ¼ÂÆÃÇØ ÁÖ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼±ÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ÀÛ¼ºÇߴµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀ»
¸ÕÀú ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°°í adcn ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄ×½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇÊÀÚÀÇ rarpsetÀÇ ½©½ºÅ©¸³Æ®
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# rarp setup nodes setup
/sbin/rarp -s 192.168.100.2 00:aa:00:c0:e1:46
/sbin/rarp -s 192.168.100.3 00:aa:00:c0:e2:5b
/sbin/rarp -s 192.168.100.4 00:aa:00:c1:24:59
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±×¸®°í rarp°¡ ¼ÂÆõǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸é adcn ½©½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ³ëµåµéÀ» ¿¬°áÇØÁà¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
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adcn -i 192.168.100.2 -c node2 -d chosun.ac.kr -l -D eth1
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ÇÏ¸é ¼¹ö´Â °è¼ÓÇؼ ³ëµåµéÀÌ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö¸¦ üũÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é ¼¹ö´Â ´ë±â »óÅ¿¡ Àִµ¥ À̶§¿¡ 486 pc¿¡
ºÎÆõð½ºÄÏÀ» Áý¾î³Ö°í ºÎÆÃÀ» ½ÃÅ°¸é nfs¼ºñ½º¿Í rarp ¼ºñ½º¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ÀÚµ¿ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© 486 pc °¡ ºÎÆÃÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ºÎÆÃÀº µÇ´Âµ¥ ¸¹Àº ¿¡·¯°¡ ³¯¶§¿¡´Â /tftpboot/192.168.100.2/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit¿¡¼ fsck checkÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ºÎºÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í local filesystemÀ» üũÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐ mount -a -t nfsÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¹Ù²ãÁֽʽÿÀ.
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# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already
# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
#action "Mounting local filesystems" mount -a -t nfs
action "Mounting local filesystems" mount -avt nonfs
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±Ã±ÝÇϽźÐÀº nfs-root¿Í nfs-root-client¿¡ °ü°èµÈ ¸®´ª½º ¹®¼¸¦ »ìÆ캸½Ê½Ã¿À. kldp¿¡ ÀÖ´Â KLDP ¹Ì·¯¸µ¿¡ °¡½Ã¸é
¿µ¹® mini howto¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
4) ³ëµå(client)µéÀÌ ºÎÆÃÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ¿¬°áÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶§...
üũÇØ¾ß µÉ°ÍÀÌ Àִµ¥ ¼¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ rarp°¡ disk-less ³ëµåµéÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇÒ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¸ð´ÏÅÍ¿¡ "Sending BOOTP and RARP requests ...." ¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿À¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »óȲµéÀ» üũÇؾß
µÈ´Ù.
1. ³×Æ®¿÷ ÄÉÀ̺í, ½ºÀ§Äª ȯ°æ, ¼¹ö¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºµéÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ¼ÂÆõǾîÀִ°¡?
2. ¼¹öÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡ È®½ÇÈ÷ rarp ¼ºñ½º°¡ Á¦°øµÇ°í Àִ°¡?
3. °¢ ³ëµå(Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®)µéÀÇ ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ¾îµå·¹½º°¡ Á¤È®ÇÑ°¡?
4. 'tcpdump -i eth1 rarp'·Î ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ºÎÆõǴ ³ëµåµéÀ» üũÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ³ëµåµéÀº rarp¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴµ¥ ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ÀÀ´äÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ¿© rarp ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» ¸¸Á·½ÃÄÑÁà¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ ºÎÆýÃų ¶§ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ȯ°æÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /tftpboot/192.168.100.2
µîÀÇ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
- ³ëµå(client)µéÀÇ Ã¼Å·
1. mtab
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192.168.100.1:/tftpboot/192.168.100.2 / nfs rw 0 0
none /proc proc rw 0 0
192.168.100.1:/usr /usr nfs rw,addr=192.168.100.1 0 0
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2. exports
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/tftpboot/192.168.100.2 node2(rw,no_root_squash)
/tftpboot/192.168.100.3 node3(rw,no_root_squash)
/tftpboot/192.168.100.4 node4(rw,no_root_squash)
/usr node*(rw,no_root_squash)
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3. fstab
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192.168.100.1:/tftpboot/192.168.100.2 / nfs defaults 1 1
192.168.100.1:/usr /usr nfs defaults 1 1
none /proc proc defaults 1 1
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4. hosts
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
203.237.110.67 gumiho.chosun.ac.kr gumiho
203.237.110.236 sonamu.chosun.ac.kr sonamu
192.168.100.1 node1.chosun.ac.kr node1
192.168.100.2 node2.chosun.ac.kr node2
192.168.100.3 node3.chosun.ac.kr node3
192.168.100.4 node4.chosun.ac.kr node4
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5. hosts.equiv : ipÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù·Î Àû¾î Áּŵµ µË´Ï´Ù.
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gumiho.chosun.ac.kr
sonamu.chosun.ac.kr
node1.chosun.ac.kr
node2.chosun.ac.kr
node3.chosun.ac.kr
node4.chosun.ac.kr
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6. sysconfig/network
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NETWORKING=yes
FORWARD_IPV4=false
HOSTNAME=node2.chosun.ac.kr
DOMAINNAME=chosun.ac.kr
GATEWAY=192.168.100.1
GATEWAYDEV=eth0
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7. network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0, ifcfg-lo
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=192.168.100.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.100.0
BROADCAST=192.168.100.255
ONBOOT=yes
2) ifcfg-lo
DEVICE=lo
IPADDR=127.0.0.1
NETMASK=255.0.0.0
NETWORK=127.0.0.0
BROADCAST=127.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes
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¸¦ üũÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¯°æÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇØÁֽʽÿÀ.
7. rshÀÌ µÇ´Â°¡? - ¼¹ö¿¡¼ üŷ
ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çؼ 486 pcµéÀÌ Àß ºÎÆà µÈ´Ù¸é ¼¹ö¿¡¼ ²À üũ¸¦ ÇØÁà¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î rshÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿À۵Ǵ Áö¸¦ ²À ¹Ýµå½Ã
È®ÀÎÇØ ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Âü°í·Î rshÀº Æнº¿öµå¸¦ ¹°¾îº¸Áö ¾Ê°í ¹Ù·Î µé¾î°¥¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿ø°Ý ½©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Ŭ·¯½ºÅ͸¦
±¸µ¿½ÃÅ°±â À§Çؼ´Â Ç×»ó rshÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â ÀÌ°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹«·Á 5°³¿ùÀ» ÇãºñÇß½À´Ï´Ù. rshÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÆÄÀϵéÀ» üũÇØÁà¾ß
ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
1. hosts
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
203.237.110.67 gumiho.chosun.ac.kr gumiho
203.237.110.236 sonamu.chosun.ac.kr sonamu
192.168.100.1 node1.chosun.ac.kr node1
192.168.100.2 node2.chosun.ac.kr node2
192.168.100.3 node3.chosun.ac.kr node3
192.168.100.4 node4.chosun.ac.kr node4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. hosts.equiv
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
gumiho.chosun.ac.kr
sonamu.chosun.ac.kr
node1.chosun.ac.kr
node2.chosun.ac.kr
node3.chosun.ac.kr
node4.chosun.ac.kr
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. securetty
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ttyp0
ttyp1
ttyp2
ttyp3
ttyp4
tty0
tty1
tty2
tty3
tty4
tty5
tty6
tty7
tty8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. .rhosts
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sonamu.chosun.ac.kr
gumiho.chosun.ac.kr
node1.chosun.ac.kr
node2.chosun.ac.kr
node3.chosun.ac.kr
node4.chosun.ac.kr
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. ftpusers
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. pam.d/rlogin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#%PAM-1.0
auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_rhosts_auth.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
auth required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so shadow nullok
auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
account required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so
password required /lib/security/pam_cracklib.so
password required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so nullok use_authtok md5 shadow
session required /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so
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À̰͵éÀ» üũÇÏ¿© ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ȯ°æÀ» ¼ÂÆÃÇÏ¿© ÁֽʽÿÀ.
8. router´Â ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡?
ÇÊÀÚ´Â 8Æ÷Æ® ´õ¹Ì Çãºê¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ rshÀÇ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº rshÀÌ time outÀ¸·Î Á¢±Ùµµ Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ·Î±×
¾Æ¿ôµÇ¾î ¿¬°áÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¿¡·¯¿´´Ù. ±¸¹ÌÈ£¼¹ö¿¡ ³»ºÎ ȸ¼±À» °æÀ¯ÇÏ¿© 486 ³ëµåµéÀÌ ÀÛµ¿µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¼¹ö¿¡ router ±â´ÉÀÌ ´õ ÷°¡
µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Çϱâ À§Çؼ± ipchainÀ̳ª ¹æȺ®, ip ¸Å½ºÄ¿·¹ÀÌµå °°Àº ±â´ÉµéÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ¹Ç·Î ´õ¹Ì Çãºê¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϽô ºÐµéÀº
ipchainÀ» ²À ¼³Á¤ÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¸®´ª½º ¼¹ö°¡ ¶ó¿ìÅÍ ±â´Éµµ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇÊÀÚÀÇ rc.d/rc.local.mineÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
insmod 3c509
ifup eth1
* ipchainÀº ·¹µåÇÞ6.0ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµË´Ï´Ù. ·¹µåÇÞ5.0¿¡¼´Â ipforward¶ó°í Áö¿øµÈ °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Âø¿À ¾øÀ¸½Ã±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.
ipchains -P forward DENY
ipchains -A forward -j MASQ -s 192.168.100.0/24 -d 0.0.0.0/0
rdate -s soback.kornet.nm.kr
/sbin/clock -w
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. º´·Ä ó¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» ±¸µ¿½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ±¤ÁÖ¸®µ¿¿¡ Ȩ ½´ÆÛÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Á¦ÀÛ Pondermatic °ú kldp ½´ÆÛÄÄÇ»Æöõ¿¡ Àß³ª¿Í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹·Î pvmÀ̳ª mpi°°Àº ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÊÀÚ´Â Pondermatic¿¡ ÀÖ´Â pvmÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ³ª¼ xpvmÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í
¹êÄ¡¸¶Å· Àü¹® ÆÐÄ¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÎ povray¶ó´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ ÇغýÀ´Ï´Ù. kldp¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼Å¼ ³×Æ®¿öÅ· Ä«Å×°í¸® ¹ØÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡½Ã¸é
½´ÆÛÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿Í º´·Äó¸® Ä«Å×°í¸®°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °Å±â º¸½Ã¸é ¾ç¼º¿ë¾¾ÀÇ È¨ ½´ÆÛÄÄÇ»Æÿ¡ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
10. Âü°í»çÀÌÆ®
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english:
http://www.beowulf.org
http://www.beowulf-underground.org
Beowulf HOWTO ¹®¼
Beowulf Installation and Administration HOWTO
COCOA Beowulf Cluster FAQ
http://kldp.org/LDP/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root.html
http://kldp.org/LDP/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root-Client.html
http://www.cacr.caltech.edu/beowulf/tutorial/building.html
http://lcdx00.wm.lc.ehu.es/~svet/beowulf/howto.html
http://www.xtreme-machines.com/x-cluster-qs.html
http://limestone.uoregon.edu/beowulf/build.html
korea:
http://kluster.kaist.ac.kr
http://kldp.org
http://kwangju.linux.or.kr
http://classic.korea.ac.kr
http://www.parallel.korea.ac.kr/links.html
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±Ã±ÝÇÑ »çÇ×À̳ª Àǹ®ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ã¸é ±¤ÁÖ¸®µ¿À̳ª e-mail·Î ¹®ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÁֽʽÿÀ.....
writen by Ȳ¿ä¼·
1999.12.28
e-mail : bluewind@rain.chosun.ac.kr
windrain@nownuri.net
bluestia@hanmail.net